The main threats posed by UAVs are:
- The possibility of an attack using chemical, biological weapons, and by dispersing radioactive materials;
- The stealthiness of attack preparation;
- The possibility of achieving acceptable accuracy of attacks through the use of cheap and affordable technical solutions;
- Low effectiveness of existing air defense systems against low-flying, small-sized UAVs;
- Ability to conduct reconnaissance through a variety of technical means.
UAV market forecast:
- Forecast International: the UAVs market to be $10 000 000 000 000 by 2028
- Business Insider forecasts the UAVs market to be $12,000 000 000 000 by 2024, of which civilian markets will be over $3 000 000 000 000
- Forecast International predicts more than 105 million UAVs will be produced between 2017 and 2031, with a total value of about $120 000 000 000 000.
Classification of drones and UAVs:
|
Class |
Category |
Name |
Take-off weight, kg |
Radius of action, km |
Flight altitude, m |
Flight time |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Small |
I |
Nano |
<0,025 |
<1 |
100 |
<1 hour |
|
Micro |
<5 |
<10 |
3000 |
1 |
||
|
Mini |
<25 |
10-40 |
3000 |
≤4 |
||
|
Light |
II |
Close range class 1 |
25-50 |
25-70 |
3000 |
2-4 |
|
Close range class 2 |
50-150 |
50-100 |
3000 |
≤6 |
||
|
Medium |
III |
Short range |
≤200 |
≤150 |
4000 |
6-8 |
|
Medium range |
≤500 |
200 |
5000 |
10-12 |
||
|
IV |
Medium range with a long flight time |
500 |
500 |
8000 |
10-18 |
|
|
Short-range long-range (LLR) |
≤250 |
>250 |
≤4000 |
1,5-2 |
||
|
Heavy |
V |
Low-altitude long flight time |
≤250 |
>500 |
4000 |
18 |
|
V-VI |
Medium-altitude long flight time |
≤1000 |
>1000 |
8000 |
24 |
|
|
VII |
High altitude long flight time |
≤2500 |
>4000 |
20000 |
>24 |
|
|
Combat |
VIII |
Unmanned Strike Force |
>1000 |
>500 |
12000 |
1,5-2 |
|
False Target |
150-500 |
0-500 |
50-5000 |
<4 |
||
|
Air target |
10-10000 |
5-200 |
50-10000 |
>0,5 |
The most difficult to detect are small and light class units:
- Small size, low speeds and flight altitudes make it difficult to detect, follow, identify and counter the UAV against the background of the terrain;
- Small size and high flight speeds, high maneuverability reduces the time of accumulation of information, sufficient for detection, reduces the time to make a decision;
- Effective means of detecting and countering UAVs, including small and light class vehicles, are needed.
Technical specifications of existing and prospective small UAVs
|
Specifications |
Takeoff weight up to 30 kg |
Takeoff weight up to 5 kg |
Takeoff weight up to 2 kg |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Maximum flight speed (km/h) |
200 |
140 |
100 |
|
Maximum flight range (km) |
2000 |
100 |
45 |
|
Maximum flight time (hour, without refueling) |
24 |
4 |
1 |
The procedure for the implementation of a complex facility protection projectCountering threats from UAVs
Development of an organizational and technical basis for a system of comprehensive protection of an object against threats caused by the use of unmanned aerial vehicles
Development and implementation of the regulatory framework for the application of the system of integrated facility protection
Development of a set of organizational and technical support for the system of integrated facility protection
- Making a decision on project implementation
- Defining the experimental area
- Survey of the object of protection
- Stages of work performance
-
Stage. Development of the sketch design of the complex object protection system
-
Stage. Development of the technical project of the complex object protection system
-
Stage. Production of a set of complex object protection system to equip the pilot zone and conducting its tests
-
Stage. Development of the legal framework for the application of the system of integrated facility protection
- Acceptance tests of the complex object protection system
